The increasing discharge of industrial effluents containing toxic dyes and organic pollutants has become a major environmental concern worldwide. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies often fail to achieve complete degradation of persistent pollutants and may generate secondary contamination. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO?) nanoparticles were synthesized through an environmentally friendly green synthesis approach using plant extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–Visible spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate their structural, morphological, and optical properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of phytochemicals in nanoparticle stabilization, while XRD analysis demonstrated the crystalline anatase phase of TiO? nanoparticles. SEM images revealed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with nanoscale dimensions and moderate agglomeration. The photocatalytic efficiency of the green synthesized TiO? nanoparticles was evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue dye under UV irradiation. Experimental parameters including catalyst dosage, pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration were optimized. The synthesized TiO? nanoparticles exhibited significant photocatalytic degradation efficiency, achieving approximately 93.6% dye removal within 120 min under optimized conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the high surface area, nanoscale particle size, and surface functionalization provided by plant-derived biomolecules. The study demonstrates that green synthesized TiO? nanoparticles represent a sustainable, low-cost, and efficient material for wastewater remediation applications.