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Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Hydroquinone Content in Skin Whitening Cosmetics Sold in Lafia-Nigeria

U. A. Augustine* , T. M. Akpomie , M. S. Abubakar and A. S. Onipede

1Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa, Nigeria .

Corresponding author Email: abelloves@yahoo.com

Hydroquinone (HQ) is a whitening or therapeutic constituent in many cosmetic products, but only allowable at a very low concentration. The abuse of HQ via frequent and prolonged usage can lead to health issues such as damage to skin and the sensitive area on the face. In Nigeria, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) on its cosmetic products prohibition of bleaching agents regulations 2019, stated that no cosmetic products should contain more than 2 % of HQ alone or 1 % in combination with other lightening ingredients. This study aimed at qualitative and quantitative determination of HQ content in selected skin whitening  cosmetics sold in Lafia. A total of  twenty-four (24) various skin bleaching cosmetics were sampled from Lafia modern market. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and uv/visible spectrophotometry were used for qualitative (identification) and quantitative (quantitation) determination of their HQ concentration, respectively. Ethanol (96 %) was used to extract HQ, and then TLC analysis at two different laboratories. At the two laboratories,nine samples (same) out of 24 were found to contain hydroquinone. The uv/visible spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the concentration of hydroquinone ranged from 0.99 % to 1.47 % in the cosmetic products studied.This study revealed that some of the products were labelled free from HQ or not labelled, and yet contained HQ, unknown to the consumers. In general, percentage hydroquinone in all the samples was less than 2 % maximum permissible limit recommended by US FDA and NAFDAC.


Cosmetic Products; Determination; Hydroquinone; TLC; UV/Vis spectrophotometry

Copy the following to cite this article:

Augustine U. A, Akpomie T. M, Abubakar M. S, Onipede A. S. Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Hydroquinone Content in Skin Whitening Cosmetics Sold in Lafia-Nigeria. Oriental Jornal of Physical Sciences 2024; 9(1).

Copy the following to cite this URL:

Augustine U. A, Akpomie T. M, Abubakar M. S, Onipede A. S. Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Hydroquinone Content in Skin Whitening Cosmetics Sold in Lafia-Nigeria. Oriental Jornal of Physical Sciences 2024; 9(1). Available here: https://bit.ly/4ajrV5V


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